What is the just war tradition? How does it differ from other ethical approaches to war? In the just war tradition, what is the significance of the terms ius ad bellum and ius in bello? What views do Elshtain, Morkevičius, and Christoyannopoulos have regarding the morality of war? What reasoning do they give? How do they interrogate each other’s views? That is, what would they say to each other?
Author: Bernard
main theses and arguments of God’s Century
Summarize the main theses and arguments of God’s Century as well as the critiques by the reviewers.
Personal Growth Plan Assignment
Professional Growth Plan Template
Identify your areas of strength and areas needing improvement concerning social studies content and pedagogy.
Research trends, best practices, and available resources to help you grow in these areas of focus.
What do I need to think about?
- How might the areas needing improvement impact student learning?
- What do you plan to do to improve in these areas?
- What resources, professional organizations, or online tools are available to help with your growth?
Create a professional growth plan to address your areas of focus so that you can improve practice and enhance student learning. Complete Steps 1 and 2 below.
Step 1: Goal Selection
Describe your selected professional growth areas of focus. Complete the table below with the following information:
- Areas of Focus/Goals: Based on your self-reflection, identify areas of focus that will lead to your professional growth.
- Rationale: Explain how growth in each area will improve your practice and enhance student learning.
Areas of Focus/Goals | Rationale |
Step 2: Professional Growth Action Plan
Complete the table below with the following information:
- Areas of Focus/Goals: List the areas of focus and goals you developed.
- Activities and Resources: List the specific activities you will engage in to develop each area of focus. The activities should focus on both the content knowledge you acquire, as well as the skills you develop.
- Sources of Evidence: Describe how you will know that you have achieved each goal. Provide a description of evidence you will collect.
- Timeline: Identify the timeline for achieving each goal.
Areas of Focus/Goals | Activities and Resources | Sources of Evidence | Timeline |
Systems Thinking for Organizations
Fulls Assignment Sections Please use the section titles below as the main headings for each written portion of this assignment paper Section 1
Systems Concepts Application
1. View the film from a systems perspective (you may need to view the film more than once). It is useful to take notes and identify concepts while watching the film
2. Apply at least 6-systems concepts (at least 1-full page per concept) to the film. Remember to state why you believe the concept applies. Provide detail and examples (from the film) to support your claims of the concepts applied Concepts should be applied, not defined (in other words, don’t provide concept definitions)
Remember to provide the timing from the film next to each concept applied for example, (1 hr, 2-minutes)-so that the professor can review the scene in which the concept is being applied Section 2
Apply an Archetype Each group member should complete the following:
1. Archetype (minimum 1 -page per student) Identify 1-archetype that applies to an instance in the film. Next , discuss why this archetype is evident in the film. Provide specific examples from the film to support the applied archetype
Group member work in this section cannot be duplicated once a group member identifies a certain archetype and applied it to the film, another group member may not duplicate that archetype Section 3
Individual Student Insights ( student name here) Each student will reflect and share insights gained about systems and interconnections after watching and applying the concepts to the film. Each student will write at least 1-page.
Valuation Analysis and NPV Calculations focused on Monogenic ALS
Valuation Analysis and NPV Calculations focused on Monogenic ALS. Calculations are needed.
Which is a better measure for capital budgeting, IRR or NPV? | |
In capital budgeting, there are a number of different approaches that can be used to evaluate any given project, and each approach has its own distinct advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, every project is unique. The particular risk and reward characteristics of a given project usually will lead to one method being selected over another.
Still, the goal of reporting plays a tremendous role in determining which measure is used. For example, if management believes that a project will fail given expected market conditions, a particular measurement may be chosen over others for the purpose of skewing the return of the project to make it look less worthwhile. Conversely, management may wish to inflate reported returns from a particular project, so that the project for which they have a personal preference will be chosen. All other things being equal, using internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV) measurements to evaluate projects often results in the same findings. However, there are a number of projects for which using IRR is not as effective as discounting cash flows using NPV. IRR’s major limitation is also its greatest strength: it uses one single discount rate to evaluate every investment. Although using one discount rate simplifies matters, there are a number of situations that cause problems for IRR. If an analyst is evaluating two projects, both of which share a common discount rate, predictable cash flows, equal risk, and a shorter time horizon, IRR will probably work. The catch is that discount rates usually change substantially over time. For example, think about using the rate of return on a T-bill in the last 20 years as a discount rate. One-year T-bills returned between 1% and 12% in the last 20 years, so clearly the discount rate is changing. Without modification, IRR does not account for changing discount rates, so it’s just not adequate for longer-term projects with discount rates that are expected to vary. Another type of project for which a basic IRR calculation is ineffective is a project with a mixture of multiple positive and negative cash flows. For example, consider a project for which marketers must reinvent the style every couple of years to stay current in a fickle, trendy niche market. If the project has cash flows of -$50,000 in year 1 (initial capital outlay), returns of $115,000 in year 2 and costs of $66,000 in year 3 because the marketing department needed to revise the look of the project, a single IRR can’t be used. Recall that IRR is the discount rate that makes a project break even. If market conditions change over the years, this project can have two or more IRRs, as seen below. Thus, there are at least two solutions for IRR that make the equation equal to zero, so there are multiple rates of return for the project that produce multiple IRRs. The advantage to using the NPV method here is that NPV can handle multiple discount rates without any problems. Each cash flow can be discounted separately from the others. Another situation that causes problems for users of the IRR method is when the discount rate of a project is not known. In order for the IRR to be considered a valid way to evaluate a project, it must be compared to a discount rate. If the IRR is above the discount rate, the project is feasible; if it is below, the project is considered infeasible. If a discount rate is not known, or cannot be applied to a specific project for whatever reason, the IRR is of limited value. In cases like this, the NPV method is superior. If a project’s NPV is above zero, then it is considered to be financially worthwhile. So, why is the IRR method still commonly used in capital budgeting? Its popularity is probably a direct result of its reporting simplicity. The NPV method is inherently complex and requires assumptions at each stage – discount rate, likelihood of receiving the cash payment, etc. The IRR method simplifies projects to a single number that management can use to determine whether or not a project is economically viable. The result is simple, but for any project that is long-term, that has multiple cash flows at different discount rates, or that has uncertain cash flows – in fact, for almost any project at all – simple IRR isn’t good for much more than presentation value. |
The difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows. NPV is used in capital budgeting to analyze the profitability of an investment or project.
NPV analysis is sensitive to the reliability of future cash inflows that an investment or project will yield. Formula:
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Using DCF In Biotech Valuation February 14, 2006 | By Ben McClure, Contributor – Investopedia Advisor It can be tricky to put a price tag on biotechnology companies that offer little more than the promise of success in the future. Just because someone in the lab cries “Eureka!”, that doesn’t necessarily mean that a cure has been found. In the biotech sector, it can take many years to determine whether all the effort will translate into returns for a company. But while valuation may appear to be more guesswork than science, there is a generally accepted approach to valuing biotech companies that are years away from payoff. In this article, we explain this valuation approach, which relies on discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis, and take you through the process step by step. Portfolio Valuation Approach In other words, you determine the forecasted free cash flow of each drug to establish its separate present value. Then, you add together the net present value of each drug, along with any cash in the bank, and come up with a fair value for what the whole company is worth today. (To learn more, see our Discounted Cash Flow Analysis tutorial.) A biotech company can have dozens, or even hundreds, of drugs in its developmental pipeline. But that does not mean you should include them all in your valuation. Generally speaking, you should only include those drugs that are already in one of the three clinical trial stages. (For more information, visit the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s website.) As an investment, a drug that is in the discovery or pre-clinical stage is a very risky proposition, with less than a 1% chance of getting to market (according to an industry report published in 2003 by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America). So, drugs in the pre-clinical stage are usually assigned zero value by public market investors. Forecasting Sales Revenue Market Potential When making assumptions about a drug’s potential market penetration, you have to use your own best judgment. If there is a competitive drug market, with limited advantage offered by the new drug in terms of increased effectiveness or reduced side effects, the drug will probably not win substantial market share in its product category. You might assume that it will capture 10% of that total market, or even less. On the other hand, if no other drug addresses the same needs, you might assume the drug will enjoy market penetration of 50% or more. Estimated Price Tag The biotech company won’t necessarily receive all of this sales revenue. Many biotech firms – especially the smaller ones with little capital – do not have sales and marketing divisions capable of selling high volumes of drugs. They often license promising drugs to bigger pharmaceutical companies, which help pay for development and become responsible for making sales. In return, the biotech firm normally receives royalty on future sales. According to an article written by Medius Associates (“Royalty Rates: Current Issues and Trends”, October 2001), the royalty rate for drugs currently in Phase I of clinical trials is normally a percentage in the single digits. As they move along the development pipeline, royalty rates get higher. In Figure 1, we break down an estimate of the peak annual sales revenues for a hypothetical biotech drug in a competitive market with a potential market size of 1 million patients, an estimated sales price of $20,000 per year and a royalty rate of 10%.
Drug patents usually last about 10 years. In our hypothetical example, we assume that for the first five years after commercial launch, sales revenues from the drug will increase until they hit their peak. Thereafter, peak sales continue for the remaining life of the patent.
For starters, there are operating costs associated with the discovery phase, including efforts to discover the drug’s molecular basis, followed by lab and animal tests. Then there is the cost of running clinical trials. This includes the cost of manufacturing the drug, recruiting, treating and caring for the participants, and other administrative expenses. Expenses increase in each development phase. All the while, there is ongoing capital investment in items such as laboratory equipment and facilities. Taxation and working capital costs also need to be factored in. Investors should expect operating and capital costs to represent no less than 30% of the drug’s royalty-based sales. Deducting the drug’s operating costs, taxes, net investment and working capital requirements from its sales revenues, you arrive at the amount of free cash flow generated by the drug if it becomes commercial. Accounting for Risk As the drug moves through the development process, the risk decreases with each major milestone. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America reported in 2003 that drugs entering Phase I clinical trials have a 15% probability of becoming a marketable product. For those in Phase II, the odds of success rise to 30%, and for Phase III, they climb to 60%. Once clinical trials are complete and the drug enters the final FDA approval phase, it has a 90% chance of success. These improvements in the odds of success translate directly into stock value. By multiplying the drug’s estimated free cash flow by the stage-appropriate probability of success, you get a forecast of free cash flows that accounts for development risk. The next step is to discount the drug’s expected 10-year free cash flows to determine what they are worth today. Because you have already factored in risk by applying the clinical trial probability of success, you do not need to include development risk in the discount rate. You can rely on normal means of calculating the discount rate, such as the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) approach, to come up with the drug’s final discounted cash flow valuation. (To learn more, see Investors Need A Good WACC.) What’s the Firm Worth?
By Ben McClure, Contributor – Investopedia Advisor He does the fundamental analysis article bi-weekly. Ben is director of McClure & Co., an independent research and consulting firm that specializes in investment analysis and intelligence. Before founding McClure & Co., Ben was a highly-rated European equities analyst at City of London-based Old Mutual Securities.
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Organizational Assessment
Organizational Assessment
This is an individual assignment. The main point is to describe and assess a social service organization. Assess the tax-exempt status, funding streams, leadership, and diversity. Apply critical knowledge of the Nonprofit Industrial Complex( see Video below for example). If the organization is lacking any of these areas, discuss why and what is needed to appropriate the funding for their success in working with the population they serve( in other words how are they funded and how is it measured if they are really using the funds appropriately).
Resources
https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/structure/organizational- structure/overview/main
Presentation on Non-Profit Industrial Complex (NPIC)
Organization Assessment Tutorial
Video: What is NPIC https://youtu.be/iO0P9HIs4tc
Reflect: Complete a 4-5 page APA 7th edition paper researching an Organization within the community promoting civil enhancement and advocacy.
Describe your organization? location, services, funding, diversity, leadership
How is your organization like a Non-Profit Industrial Complex (NPIC)?
What is your greatest takeaway?
Human services theoretical models that influence the organizational structure and policies
Theory for the Human Services Question.
Throughout the B.S. Human Services program, students have been introduced to the roles and applications of theoretical models in the development of human services organizations and interventions. In a well-organized critical essay based on the document Case Study of a Human Service Organization, identify one theoretical model used in the field of human services that fits the organization as described in the case study.
Describe the major components of the theoretical model.
Explain the model’s influence on the roles and responsibilities of the human service worker.
Describe how the theoretical model influences the organizational structure and policies of the fictitious human service organization
Explain the role of the client through the lens of the theoretical model you choose.
Submission Requirements:
Cite and integrate at least three sources to support your analysis and/or position(s), at least one of which was not required reading for one of your BS Human Services core courses.
Principle of Practice Development
Princple 3: PD integrates work-based learning with its focus on active learning and formal systems for enabling learning in the workplace to transform care
Develop a short presentation that clearly demonstrates your:
Understanding and interpreting of the conceptual ideas of the chosen principle
Originality and creativity (you may choose to consider imagery that is sourced on-line, a photo you have taken yourself, or an image you have drawn or painted yourself?
Scholarship impact your educational and career goals
The First Generation Student Success Scholarship was established to support incoming or continuing first-generation undergraduate or graduate students enrolled at SPS. First Generation is defined as having parents who have not graduated from an institution of higher learning (associate’s degree or beyond). Award Amount: $500.00, based on eligibility and merit.
Scholarship Criteria:
Undergraduate or graduate students enrolled in a minimum of 6 credits in the semester for which the scholarship is awarded
Minimum 2.0 GPA or higher for matriculated students
Please note, in addition to the application, applicants will be required to submit an essay detailing how being a first-generation college student has impacted their education journey along with a financial need statement.
How being a first-generation college student has impacted your educational journey.
Also answer: How would receiving this scholarship impact your educational and career goals?
Social Determinants of Health Essay
Your writing assignment will be graded based upon the thoroughness and thoughtfulness of how you answer each of the questions below. In answering these questions, refer to specifics in the book and/or use outside resources as necessary.
Identify and analyze how 2 social determinants of health affected Henrietta Lacks and/or her family. Use excerpts from the book to support why you chose these 2. If Henrietta and her family were not afflicted with these SDOH, do you think that we would have HELA cells today? Why or why not? Be sure to highlight by bolding or underlining the social determinants of health you are discussing.
Identify 2 ethical violations. Using readings from the book and course readings/outside sources, support why you chose these 2. Be sure to highlight by bolding or underlining the ethical violations you are discussing.